Dr Md Anawar Hossain
What are allergies?
Allergies are the immune response disease, which occur when our body’s immune system reacts or develops antigens against a foreign substance. However, most of the people are not reactive to these materials. It is one of the most common chronic health problems all over the world. A family history of allergies may contribute to people having a high risk of developing allergic disease.
Common allergens
- Dust,
- Mold,
- Certain foods
- Bee venom,
- Pet dander,
- Medications
- Plants and pollens
How do they occur
When people are allergic to some substances called allergens, their body immune system produces antibodies to fight against these foreign substances, although these substances are not actually harmful. Allergens can enter the human body through different ways, such as inhalation, ingestion, or through the skin. Allergies can affect our skin, sinuses, airways or digestive system.
Symptoms
Variable symptoms of allergies are observed from person to person, but allergies can affect people of all ages, races, genders and socioeconomic statuses (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2022). Symptoms can range from minor irritation to a serious, life-threatening allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Symptoms include wheezing, itching, coughing, runny nose, watery or itchy eyes. Some types of allergic diseases are hay fever (allergic rhinitis), eczema, hives, asthma, and food allergy.
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis),
A food allergy (Tingling in the mouth, Swelling of the lips, tongue, face or throat, Hives, Anaphylaxis),
An insect sting allergy (swelling at the sting site, Itching or hives all over the body, cough, chest tightness, wheezing or shortness of breath, anaphylaxis),
A drug allergy (Hives, Itchy skin, Rash, Facial swelling, Wheezing, Anaphylaxis),
Eczema (Itch, Redden, Flake or peel)
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction, which is triggered by allergies to foods and insect stings. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include (1) loss of consciousness, (2) a drop in blood pressure, (3) severe shortness of breath, (4) skin rash, (5) lightheadedness, (6) a rapid, weak pulse, and (7) nausea and vomiting.
Treatment
Treatment can not cure most of the allergies but can help relieve allergy symptoms.Prevention is better than treatment. Therefore, take measures to prevent allergies by avoiding the triggers.
What is the immune system?
The immune system is the most significant system of human body that protects the body from different infection and attack. It is composed of a complex and vital network of cells and organs. The immune system defends itself and protects the body from the attack of microorganisms, such as certain bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and destroy any infectious microorganisms that do invade the body.
References
Johns Hopkins Medicine, Allergies and the Immune System. Link: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/allergies-and-the-immune-system. Accessed on 19/08/2022.